March 12 is the 71st day of the year (72nd in leap years) according to the Gregorian calendar. The number of days left before the end of the year is 294.

Railways

• March 12, 1911 An additional contract is signed with the Germans on the Baghdad railways. Points of objection have been taken into consideration. The Baghdad-Basra Bay line and port concession were abandoned.

Olaylar

• 1664 – New Jersey becomes a colony of the Kingdom of England.
• 1881 – Tunisia is occupied by France.
• 1894 – Coca-Cola is first sold in bottles.
• 1913 – The future capital of Australia officially becomes Canberra. Melbourne temporarily remained the capital until 1927.
• 1918 – Moscow becomes the capital of Russia. Saint Petersburg has retained its capital status for the past 215 years.
• 1921 – The London Conference ends. The Allies offered peace.
• 1921 – The national anthem of the Turkish nation is accepted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
• 1925 – Chinese leader Sun Yat-sen dies, replaced by General Chiang Kai-shek.
• 1928 – The Saint-François dam collapses; 400 people died.
• 1930 – In India, Mahatma Gandhi embarked on the 300-mile “salt march” (Salt Satyagraha) from Ahmetabat to the sea to oppose the government’s monopoly on salt production.
• 1938 – German troops enter Austrian territory and officially annex Austria the next day.
• 1947 – Harry Truman seeks authorization from the United States Congress to provide a total of $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece for their relief from the oppression of the Soviet Union and to provide training to the United States. United with their civilian and military personnel.
• 1958 – The 3rd Eurovision Song Contest takes place. France took 1st place with the song “Dors Mon Amour” by André Claveau. As in 1956, there were no English songs this year.
• 1967 – Suharto succeeds Sukarno as President of Indonesia.
• 1971 – Turkish Armed Forces gave March 12 memorandum. Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel resigned after this development. Memorandum; It was signed by Chief of the General Staff Memduh Tağmaç, Land Forces Commander Faruk Gürler, Air Force Commander Muhsin Batur and Naval Forces Commander Celal Eyiceoğlu.
• 1977 – Taner Akçam, who was sentenced to 9 years in prison for allegedly making propaganda for communism and Kurdish, escaped from prison.
• 1979 – Pakistan announces its departure from CENTO. A day later, with the departure of Iran, CENTO ceased to exist.
• 1979 – In Aydın, a person named Hüseyin Member burned down the house of the family whose blood he had taken. A woman and her four children were burned alive. The member was executed on September 12.
• 1985 – “New Arms Control Discussions” on strategic nuclear forces, intermediate-range nuclear forces, space and defense systems begin in Geneva between the Soviet Union and the United States.
• 1985 – The Turkish Embassy in Ottawa is attacked by armed Armenian militants. A Canadian policeman has died. Ambassador Coşkun Kırca escaped with injuries.
• 1987 – The musical Les Miserables premieres on Broadway.
• 1989 – Sir Tim Berners-Lee presents his proposal for an information management system at CERN, which would later evolve into the World Wide Web.
• 1993 – 300 people are killed in a car bomb attack in Mumbai.
• 1995 – Three Alevi cafes in the Gazi district were scanned with automatic weapons at night; 1 person was killed and 20 people were injured. In the events that followed, many lives and property were lost.
• 1999 – former members of the Warsaw Pact; The Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined NATO.
• 2000 – Pope II. John Paul asked forgiveness for the Church’s past sins against Jews, dissenters, women, and natives.
• 2003 – Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić is killed in Belgrade.
• 2004 – In Syria, the Qamishli incidents break out.
• 2011 – The Fukushima I nuclear power plant explodes, releasing radiation into the atmosphere the day after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
• 2020 – Education was suspended by the Ministry of National Education in Turkey.

births

• 1613 – André Le Nôtre, landscape designer and garden architect to King Louis XIV (d. 1700)
• 1685 – George Berkeley, English philosopher (died 1753)
• 1710 – Thomas Arne, English composer (d. 1778)
• 1790 – John Frederic Daniell, English chemist and physicist (died 1845)
• 1815 – Louis-Jules Trochu, French military leader and politician (died 1896)
• 1821 – John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, Prime Minister of Canada (died 1893)
• 1824 – Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist (d. 1887)
• 1835 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (died 1909)
• 1838 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist and inventor (died 1907)
• 1843 – Gabriel Tarde, French writer. sociologist, criminologist and social psychologist (d. 1904)
• 1859 – Ernesto Cesàro, Italian mathematician (d. 1906)
• 1860 – Bernát Munkácsi, Hungarian Turkologist (died 1937)
• 1863 – Gabriele D’Annunzio, Italian author, war hero and politician (died 1938)
• 1863 – Vladimir Vernadsky, Ukrainian mineralogist and geochemist (died 1945)
• 1869 George Forbes, Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1947)
• 1877 – Wilhelm Frick, Minister of the Interior of Nazi Germany (died 1946)
• 1878 – Musa Ćazim Ćatić, Bosnian poet (died 1915)
• 1881 – Väinö Tanner, Prime Minister of Finland (died 1966)
• 1889 – Vaclav Nijinsky, Polish ballet dancer (died 1950)
• 1890 – Idris I, King of Libya (died 1983)
• 1891 – Yevgeny Polivanov, Soviet linguist (died 1938)
• 1905 Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (Seven Samurai) (died 1982)
• 1910 – Masayoshi Ōhira, Japanese politician (died 1980)
• 1912 – Fethi Çelikbaş, Turkish politician (died 2009)
• 1922 – Jack Kerouac, American author (died 1969)
• 1927 – Raúl Alfonsín, Argentine lawyer and politician (died 2009)
• 1928 – Edward Albee, American playwright (died 2016)
• 1930 – Ann Emery, English actress (died 2016)
• 1931 – Herb Kelleher, American entrepreneur, businessman, and executive (died 2019)
• 1938 – Patricia Carli, Italian-French pop singer, songwriter and composer
• 1943 – Ratko Mladic, Yugoslav soldier
• 1944 – Nursu Marmara, Turkish clinical psychologist
• 1946 – Liza Minnelli, American singer
• 1947 – Mitt Romney, American politician
• 1948 – James Taylor, American singer, songwriter and guitarist
• 1952 – Hulusi Akar, Turkish soldier, Minister of National Defense of the Republic of Turkey
• 1953 Ron Jeremy, American pornographic film actor
• 1956 – Steve Harris, English rock musician
• 1958 – Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Djiboutian politician
• 1959 – Milorad Dodik, Serbian politician
• 1960 – Şenol Korkmaz, Turkish director and producer
• 1962 – Andreas Köpke, German footballer
• 1962 – Lütfi Elvan, Turkish politician
• 1963 – Ferdi Eğilmez, Turkish film director and producer
• 1967 – Uğur Çavuşoğlu, Turkish actor
• 1968 – Aaron Eckhart, American actor
• 1969 – Beyazıt Öztürk, Turkish comedian
• 1971 – Ogun Sanlisoy, Turkish musician
• 1976 – Gökhan Üçoklar, Turkish basketball player
• 1977 – Abdulhamit Gul, Turkish lawyer and politician
• 1979 – Armand Deumi Tchani, Cameroonian footballer
• 1985 – Binnaz Uslu, Turkish athlete
• 1985 – Stromae, Belgian singer
• 1994 – Christina Grimmie, American musician and songwriter (died 2016)
• 1994 – Jerami Grant, American professional basketball player

Armed

• 604 – Gregory I, Pope (b. c. 540)
• 1289-II. Demetre, Georgian King (b. 1259)
• 1507 – Cesare Borgia, Rönesans soldier and Italian politician (b. 1475)
• 1832 – Frederich Kuhlau, German pianist (born in 1786)
• 1845 – Akif Pasha, Ottoman statesman, poet and writer (b. 1787)
• 1853 – Mathieu Orfila, Spanish-born French medical educator (b. 1787)
• 1872 – Zeng Guofan, Chinese statesman and military leader (b. 1811)
• 1898 – Zachris Topelius, Finnish writer (b. 1818)
• 1898 – Johann Jakob Balmer, Swiss mathematician and mathematical physicist (b. 1825)
• 1914 – George Westinghouse, American entrepreneur and engineer (b. 1846)
• 1925 – Arkady Timofeyevich Averchenko, Russian comedian (b. 1881)
• 1925 – Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary leader (b. 1866)
• 1929 – Asa Griggs Candler, developer of American soft drink manufacturer (Coca-Cola) (b. 1851)
• 1930 – Alois Jirásek, Czech writer (b. 1851)
• 1937 – Charles-Marie Widor, French composer and organist (born in 1844)
• 1942 – Robert Bosch, German industrialist (b. 1861)
• 1942 – William Henry Bragg, English physicist (b. 1862)
• 1943 – Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (b. 1869)
• [1945-AntoniusJohannesJurgensGermanmanufacturer(born1867)[1945-AntoniusJohannesJurgensfabricantallemand(néen1867)
• 1954 – Mustafa Sabri Efendi, Ottoman teacher and Şeyhülislam (b. 1869)
• 1955 – Charlie Parker, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1920)
• 1955 – Theodor Plievier, German writer (born in 1892)
• 1956 – Bolesław Bierut, Polish statesman (born 1892)
• 1964 – Abbas al-Akkad, Egyptian journalist, poet and literary critic (b. 1889)
• 1971 – Eugene Lindsay Opie, American physician and pathologist (b. 1873)
• 1978 – John Cazale, American actor (born in 1935)
• 1985 – Eugène Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (born in 1899)
• 1990 – Philippe Soupault, French writer, poet and novelist (born in 1897)
• 1997 – Galip Erdem, Turkish journalist and writer (born in 1930)
• 1999 – Yehudi Menuhin, American violinist (born in 1916)
• 2001 – Robert Ludlum, American author (b. 1927)
• 2001 – Sidney Dillon Ripley, American ornithologist and wildlife advocate (b. 1913)
• 2002 – Jean-Paul Riopelle, Canadian painter (born in 1923)
• 2002 – Spiros Kyprianou, Cypriot politician (born in 1932)
• 2003 – Howard Fast, American author (b. 1914)
• 2003 – Zoran Đinđić, Serbian Prime Minister (assassinated) (b. 1952)
• 2005 – Kemal Türkoğlu, Turkish politician (born in 1911)
• 2006 – Jurij Brezan, German writer (born in 1916)
• 2007 – Önder Baysoy, Turkish businessman and politician (Karşıyaka former sports club president) (b. 1946)
• 2011 – Nilla Pizzi, Italian singer (born in 1919)
• 2013 – Dinçer Çekmez, Turkish actor (born in 1940)
• 2015 – Erol Büyükburç, Turkish pop music artist (born in 1936)
• 2015 – Terry Pratchett, British fantasy comedy writer (born 1948)
• 2020 – Tonie Marshall, American and French actor, screenwriter and director (born in 1951)

Holidays and special occasions

• Acceptance of National Anthem and Memorial Day of Mehmet Akif Ersoy
• Hostility Storm
• Withdrawal of Russian and Armenian troops from Erzurum (1918)
• Withdrawal of Georgian troops from Arhavi district to Artvin (1921)